当前位置: 广州刑事律师网 > 刑法罪名 > 贪污罪 >
贪污罪认定现实争议理由探讨
贪污罪认定现实争议理由探讨
贪污罪认定现实争议理由探讨
贪污罪是一种多发的、严重危害社会的职务性经济犯罪,是公职人员腐败犯罪的主要表现之一,历来为我国刑法打击的重点。我国刑法对贪污罪的惩处作了比较详尽的规定,在一些非刑事法规中也涉及了相关贪污罪的规定。最高司法机关为及时惩治贪污犯罪,亦颁布了若干刑事司法解释。近年来,我国刑法学界对贪污罪进行了深入的研究,并取得了丰硕的成果。这对于有效打击贪污犯罪起到了积极的推动作用。尽管我国政府的反腐力度不断加大,但是随着我国政治和经济体制革新的不断深入,贪污犯罪可以说是有增无减,并且呈现出一些新的特点,对社会和政治稳定造成了极大的危害。造成这种局面的一个重要理由就是在司法实践中,对于贪污罪的认定存在诸多不足尚无定论,如贪污罪犯罪主体的界定、贪污罪的犯罪未遂以及贪污罪的法律界限等不足,至今仍存颇多争议。基于此,笔者试图从贪污罪的犯罪主体入手,通过浅析浅析贪污罪认定中的各种分歧意见,就贪污罪认定中的几个主要疑难不足略陈管见,希望能引起理论界及立法者对贪污罪认定不足的关注,以推动职务犯罪立法的完善。本文共分三个部分：第一部分研究的是贪污罪犯罪主体的认定不足。根据我国刑法的规定,贪污罪的犯罪主体是国家工作人员,具体分为国家机关工作人员、准国家工作人员和受国有单位委托管理经营国有财产人员。在本部分,笔者详细的浅析浅析了这三类主体的认定。指出中国共产党和人民政协的各级机关以及一些直接隶属于国家机关、行使一定行政管理职能和社会管理职能的事业单位都应属于国家机关的范围。笔者通过研究“国有公司、企业”、“国有事业单位”、“人民团体”以及“从事公务”这几个概念,浅析浅析了准国家工作人员的认定。通过浅析浅析“委托”的刑法含义详细阐述了受国有单位委托管理经营国有财产人员的认定。第二部分是对贪污罪的犯罪既遂和未遂不足进行探讨。笔者首先肯定了贪污罪同其他故意犯罪一样存在未遂形态,并浅析浅析了为什么贪污罪存在未遂形态,然后通过浅析浅析理论界关于犯罪既遂和犯罪未遂标准的几种不同观点,提出了是否实际制约公共财产是贪污犯罪完成与否的重要标志,是区分贪污罪既遂与未遂的标准,只要公共财产所有人已失去了对公共财产的制约,而行为人已经实际制约了公共财产,就表明了行为人实施贪污行为的预期目的已经实现,达到了非法占有的目的,则属贪污罪既遂。反之,则是未遂。但是以不动产为对象的贪污罪既遂、未遂不足要具体浅析浅析。因为即使不动产的所有权没有转移,行为人也可以对其进行使用和收益,而这种使用和收益给行为人带来的利益是可以用金钱来衡量的。当行为人利用职务之便非法占有该利益,达到一定数额时便可认定为贪污罪既遂。第三部分是贪污罪的法律界限不足。包括贪污罪与非罪、贪污罪与其他相关的犯罪的法律界限两个方面,它不仅是刑法理论的重要课题,也是反贪污贿赂司法实践的首要不足,理论上的明确完善无疑会便于司法实践操作。关于贪污罪与非罪的界限,主要从收受礼物隐匿不缴不足、利用职权长期占用公共财物不足、私分“小金库”款项不足等方面展开论述。关于贪污罪与其他相关的犯罪的法律界限,主要从贪污罪与挪用公款罪,贪污罪与职务侵占罪,贪污罪与侵占罪、盗窃罪,贪污罪与私分国有资产罪几个方面展开论述。
【Abstract】 Corruption is a multiple, serious harm to the functions of social economic crimes, corruption of public officials is a crime, one of the major manifestations, has always been the focus of our criminal law to combat. China’s criminal law punishing the crime of corruption more detailed provisions were made in some non-criminal regulations also involves the relevant provisions of the crime of corruption. The highest judicial organ for the timely punishment of corruption crimes, also issued a number of criminal judicial interpretation. In recent years, the crime of corruption of criminal law scholars conducted in-depth research, and have achieved fruitful results. This is to effectively combat corruption and crime has played a positive role.Despite our government’s anti-corruption efforts have been increased, but as the country’s political and economic reform continued to deepen, increasing corruption and crime can be said, and presents some new features, the social and political stability in a great hazards. This situation caused a major reason for this is in the judicial practice, the identification of corruption is inconclusive, there are many problems, such as the definition of corruption criminal subject, attempt to commit the crime of corruption and embezzlement of the legal boundaries and other issues, still many controversies exist. Based on this, I tried to start subject of the crime of corruption, corruption identified by analyzing the various differences of opinion on the corruption found in the main difficult problems a little my humble opinion, would like to draw theorists and legislators on corruption Crimes of concern to promote the Crimes Legislation. This article is divided into three parts:The first part of the study is to identify the main crime, corruption issues. According to the provisions of the Criminal Law, subject of the crime of corruption is a national staff, staff of state organs are divided into specific, quasi-national staff and state-owned units commissioned by the state property management of personnel. In this section, the author analyzes in detail the main three types of identification. Pointed out that the Communist Party of China and the CPPCC organizations at all levels, and some directly under the State organs to exercise certain administrative functions and management functions of social institutions should be the scope of state authority. The author of "state-owned companies and enterprises", "state institutions", "people’s organizations" and "engage in public service," these concepts, analysis of quasi-state staff identified. By analyzing the "trust" described in detail the meaning of criminal law by the state-owned unit of state property entrusted to the management personnel identified.The second part is accomplished the crime of corruption and attempted to discuss the issue. I first affirmed the crime of corruption as there is with other attempted form of intentional crime, and analyze why there is an attempted form of corruption, and then by analyzing the theoretical circles attempted on crime and criminal standards of accomplished several different views, questioned whether the actual control of public property completion of the crime of corruption is an important indicator of whether or not it is consummated and the attempted distinction between corruption standards, as long as the public property owner has lost control of public property, and the perpetrator has actual control of the public property to indicate that the person committed the act corruption has achieved the desired objective to achieve the purpose of illegal possession, the crime of corruption is accomplished. On the contrary, it is attempted. But the real crime of corruption as the object accomplished, problems should be attempted. Even if there is no transfer of ownership of real property, the perpetrator can use them and benefit, and such use and benefits of the benefits to the perpetrator can be measured by money. When the perpetrator used his position to illegally occupy the interests of a certain amount of corruption can be regarded as accomplished.The third part is the problem of corruption in the legal boundaries. Zuiyufeizui including corruption, embezzlement and other crimes related to two aspects of the legal limits, it is not only an important subject of criminal law theory, legal practice against corruption and bribery is the most important issue, in theory, will undoubtedly facilitate the clear sound judicial practice operation. Zuiyufeizui boundaries on corruption, mainly hidden from receiving gifts from non-payment problems, the use of terms of long-term occupation of public property issue, dividing "small treasuries" money problems in such areas as discussed. On corruption and other crimes related to the legal limit, mainly from corruption and embezzlement of public funds, corruption and related crimes, corruption and embezzlement, theft, corruption and crime of owned assets discussed several aspects.
【关键词】 贪污罪； 犯罪主体； 犯罪既遂； 法律界限；【Key words】 corruption； criminal subject； crime consummated； the legal limit；
更多论文推荐: 各专业论文 海量论文下载